Others

6-Hydroxy Etodolac, a metabolite of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and COX inhibitor etodolac, causes false positives in diazo diagnostic tests for urinary bilirubin.

3β,5α,6β-Trihydroxycholanic acid, a metabolite derived from 5α,6β-dihydroxycholestanol, exhibits elevated levels in dried blood spots of patients diagnosed with Niemann-Pick disease type C, a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of cholesterol and sphingolipids in lysosomes.

ABO acts as an annexin A7 modulator, specifically binding to Thr286 to inhibit its phosphorylation on threonine (not on serine or tyrosine) residues within human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). This compound furthers the annexin A7 interaction with the EF-hand protein GCA, leading to reduced GCA phosphorylation, lowered intracellular calcium levels, and enhanced autophagy in COS-7 cells. Moreover, ABO lessens phosphorylation of the microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain (LC3) in HUVECs and impedes the upregulation of phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C (PC-PLC) due to oxidized low-density lipoprotein in vascular endothelial cells (VECs). In animal models, specifically apoE-/- mice on a Western diet, administration of ABO (50 or 100 mg/kg per day) has been shown to decrease PC-PLC expression, promote autophagy, and reduce apoptosis, lipid accumulation, and the extent of atherosclerotic plaques in the aortic endothelium.

Tetranor-PGFM, the principal urinary metabolite of PGF2α, is excreted at rates of 7-13 µg per day in healthy females and 11-59 µg per 24 hours in healthy males. During pregnancy, female urinary levels of tetranor-PGFM increase 2 to 5-fold, returning to normal shortly after childbirth.

3-Deoxy-galactosone, a 1,2-dicarbonyl compound, originates from the degradation of galactose. It forms in food during Maillard and caramelization reactions.

Cytarabine 5′-monophosphate (ara-CMP), an active metabolite of the nucleoside analog cytarabine formed by deoxycytidine kinase, is incorporated into DNA by DNA polymerase α, significantly slowing DNA synthesis. It inhibits nuclear and mitochondrial DNA replication in S. cerevisiae at 15 mM and improves survival in an L1210 murine leukemia model at 3.5-75.1 mg/kg.

"1-O-Hexadecyl-2-eicosapentaenoyl-sn-glycero-3-PC is a compound that results from the incorporation of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) into lyso-PAF C-16, a process demonstrated in neutrophils from monkeys and humans consuming a diet rich in fish oils. Furthermore, it functions as a precursor for PAF C-16 synthesis via the remodeling pathway."

AS-2077715为一种来源于Capnodiumsp. 339855发酵液的抗真菌剂，主要针对Trichophyton属真菌显示出抑制效能，适用于研究真菌感染。

Heneicosapentaenoic Acid (HPA) is a fatty acid found in small amounts in Bryopsis pennata Lamouroux green algae and fish oils, with a structure similar to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), but with an additional carbon at the carboxyl end, resulting in the first double bond being in the Δ6 position. HPA is important for researching the impact of double bond positions in n-3 fatty acids, as it integrates into phospholipids and triacylglycerol in vivo as effectively as EPA and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), while strongly inhibiting the synthesis of arachidonic acid from linoleic acid. Despite being a poor substrate for prostaglandin H (PGH) synthase and 5-lipoxygenase, HPA can rapidly deactivate PGH synthase. HPA methyl ester, in certain formulations, acts as a prodrug to enhance cellular uptake of HPA before being converted into free acid by esterases, and serves as a useful reference standard.

1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-rac-glycerol, a diacylglycerol, features palmitic acid at the sn-1 position and oleic acid at the sn-2 position. Detected in crude sunflower lecithin, its levels elevate in RINm5F rat insulinoma cells following treatment with oleate, elaidate, or trans-vaccenate.

1,2,3-Tri-13(E)-docosenoyl glycerol, a triacylglycerol featuring 13(E)-docosenoic acid at the \(sn-1\), \(sn-2\), and \(sn-3\) positions, transiently elevates heart triglyceride levels in weanling rats when administered as 15% of a calcium-deficient diet, with levels returning to baseline after 28 days.

Harzianopyridone is an atpenin-like compound that functions as an inhibitor of mammalian and nematode mitochondrial complex II, also known as succinate:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (SQR), demonstrating IC50 values of 0.017, 0.2, and 2 μM against bovine, rat, and nematode complex II, respectively. Additionally, it inhibits nematode quinol-fumarate reductase (QFR) with an IC50 value of 0.36 μM. Significantly selective for complex II over complexes I and III in rats and cattle, as well as complex I in nematodes, with IC50 values exceeding 100 μM, it exhibits notable antibacterial and antifungal properties, with EC50 values of 35.9, 42.2, 60.4, and 50.2 μg/ml against R. solani, S. rolfsii, M. phaseolina, and F. oxysporum, respectively.

Parvodicin C2, a glycopeptide antibiotic derived from A. parvosata and part of the parvodicin complex, serves as a component of the A40926 antibiotic complex utilized as a precursor for synthesizing dalbavancin. It exhibits activity against methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant strains of S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. saprophyticus, S. hemolyticus, and E. faecalis.

γ-Linolenoyl monoethanolamide，一种脂肪N-酰乙醇胺，属于内源性大麻素。

1-Myristoyl-2-linoleoyl-3-oleoyl-rac-glycerol, a triacylglycerol, features myristic acid, linoleic acid, and oleic acid at the sn-1, sn-2, and sn-3 positions, respectively. This compound is prevalent in mature human milk, infant formula fats, and butterfat.

12-Bromododecanoic acid, a halogenated derivative of lauric acid, serves in the synthesis of clickable myristic acid derivatives and functions as a model fatty acid ligand for elucidating the X-ray crystal structure of bovine β-lactoglobulin-ligand complexes. This compound, at a concentration of 10 µg/ml, has been shown to diminish virion DNA in the culture supernatant of primary hepatocytes from a duckling model of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and exhibits inhibitory activity against HIV replication in CEM-SS T cells with an EC50 value of 38 µM.

cis-9-Hexadecenol是一种高纯度生化试剂，适合作为生物材料或有机合成中间体，广泛应用于生命科学领域的研究与实验。

12-Dipalmitoyl-3-Linoelaidoyl-rac-glycerol 是一种三酰基甘油，含有两个 sn-1 和 sn-2 位的 Palmitic acid 和一个 sn-3 位的 Linolelaidic acid。Palmitic acid 是一种广泛存在于动植物中的长链饱和脂肪酸，可诱导小鼠颗粒细胞中葡萄糖调节蛋白 78 (GRP78) 和 CCAAT/增强子结合蛋白同源蛋白 (CHOP) 的表达。而 Linolelaidic acid 是一种 omega-6 反式脂肪酸 (TFA)，作为一种能量来源和必需营养素，可添加于肠内、肠胃外和婴儿配方食品，并用于心脏病研究。

C6 NBD galactosylceramide 是一种带有荧光 nitrobenzoxadiazole (NBD) 标记的活性半乳糖神经酰胺 (galactosylceramide) 衍生物，用作中性 β-糖神经酰胺酶 (GCase) 的底物，研究半乳糖神经酰胺在细胞内的定位和代谢。

Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are lipids influenced by dietary changes, playing a crucial role in insulin sensitivity. These compounds typically consist of a C-16 or C-18 fatty acid (for example, palmitoleic, palmitic, oleic, or stearic acid) linked to a hydroxy fatty acid with the same carbon chain length. 13-PAHSA, a derivative where palmitic acid is esterified to 13-hydroxy stearic acid, is notably prevalent in the adipose tissue of glucose-tolerant AG4OX mice, which exhibit enhanced glucose transport via the overexpression of the Glut4 glucose transporter. This observation, along with the metabolic benefits seen from other FAHFAs—including improved glucose tolerance, stimulated insulin secretion, and anti-inflammatory properties—suggests that 13-PAHSA may function as a bioactive lipid beneficial in managing metabolic syndrome and inflammation.

Spinosyn Aaglycone ((-)-Spinosyn A aglycon) 是杀虫剂Spinosyn A的未糖苷化形式，由Spinosyn A的两个糖基水解得到的酸性降解产物。

1-Palmitoyl-d9-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-PE serves as an internal standard for quantifying 1-palmitoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-PE, a lysophospholipid naturally found to inhibit L. donovani promastigotes growth (GI50= 8 µM). Its levels are reduced in mice after alcohol-induced liver damage, in hepatocellular carcinoma mouse xenografts, and in humans following a rigorous three-day exercise regimen of 2.5 hours running daily and 14 hours post-regimen. This compound is also applied in measuring saturated lysophosphoethanolamines, highlighting its broad utility in biochemical research and disease model studies.

17(S)-HDoTE, a metabolite of adrenic acid, is synthesized through the action of 15-lipoxygenase (15-LO) via a 17-HpDoTE intermediate.

17-Phenyl-18,19,20-trinor-PGD2（17-Phenyl-PGD2）为前列腺素D2（PGD2）的衍生物，有效抑制由腺苷二磷酸（ADP）引发的血小板聚集，其IC50值为8.4μM，相比PGD2的IC50为18.6nM。此外，该化合物还是环AMP积累的弱激动剂。

1-Deoxynojirimycin, a potent glucose analog, inhibits α-glucosidase I and II effectively. Its derivative, N-5-Carboxypentyl-1-deoxynojirimycin, serves as a ligand for glucosidase I and II purification, utilizing carboxypentyl groups for affinity chromatography resin linkage. Furthermore, N-5-Carboxypentyl-1-deoxynojirimycin demonstrates comparable or superior inhibition of glucosidase compared to 1-deoxynojirimycin, with inhibition constants (Ki) of 0.45 µM and 2.1 µM, respectively, for pig liver glucosidase I.

Necrostatin-1(Nec-1)（inactive control）为Necrostatin-1的非活性类似物，后者为一种高效的坏死性凋亡抑制剂。

TID43，作为一种CK2抑制剂，其IC50值为0.3 μM。该化合物主要应用于抗血管生成研究领域。

Methotrexate (hydrate) 是一种有用的有机化合物，可用于生命科学领域的相关研究。其产品编号为 T65289，CAS号为 133073-73-1。

C22 Phytoceramide (t18:0/22:0) 是一种脂质分子，可用于生命科学相关研究，其 CAS 号为 164576-03-8。

17(S)-HpDHA为主要由15-Lipoxygenase（LOX）同工酶：h15-LOX-1和h15-LOX-2与二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)反应生成。该化合物通过变构负向调控环氧化物合成，且能够抑制血小板聚集，其EC50值约为1μM。

1,3-Dioleoyl-2-octanoyl glycerol, a triacylglycerol, features oleic acid at the sn-1 and sn-3 positions and octanoic acid at the sn-2 position. Its utility lies in the characterization of R. oryzae lipase functionality, specifically for regiodistribution analysis of fats that comprise medium- and short-chain fatty acids.

BAI1 hydrochloride 是选择性凋亡因子BAX变构抑制剂，通过结合BAX并变构抑制其激活，显示出用于研究BAX依赖性细胞死亡介导疾病的潜力。

R-96544 是一种具有口服活性的 5-HT2A 受体拮抗剂，可抑制体外血小板聚集。

Janelia Fluor 646, SE (JF646, SE) is a red fluorescent dye can be used in cellular imaging.

MESG, a chromophoric substrate, can be used to quantitate inorganic phosphate.

KY-556 is a promising and orally-active pro-drug of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG). It also against allergic diseases.