RAAS

Bopindolol is a non-selective β-adrenergic receptor antagonist. In vivo, bopindolol decreases heart rate and blood pressure and attenuates ischemia-induced myocardial acidosis in dogs. Formulations containing bopindolol have been used to treat essential and renovascular hypertension.

Irbesartan is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used mainly for the treatment of hypertension. It selectively and competitively blocks the binding of angiotensin II to the angiotensin I receptor.

CP 85339 is an aspartic acid protease inhibitor for X-ray analysis of peptide-renin complexes.

Angiotensin II is a hormone that plays an important role in regulating blood pressure. Elevated levels of angiotensin II are implicated in inducing and maintaining hypertension, and also in the development of atherosclerosis. Both of these effects are mediated by the angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor. Losartan is a mammalian AT1 receptor antagonist with a Ki value of 5-20 nM. In humans, losartan effectively controls hypertension while protecting renal function. Nitric oxide (NO) causes vasodilation and also inhibits platelet and neutrophil aggregation in the endothelium. NO-losartan A possesses similar anti-hypertensive effects to losartan, with the addition of the vasodilating effects of NO release.

Saprisartan potassium is an Angiotensin II Type 1 receptor antagonist and antihypertensive agent.

Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) (1-32), rat is a 32 amino acid polypeptide secreted by the ventricles of the heart in response to excessive stretching of heart muscle cells (cardiomyocytes).Brain natriuretic peptide (type B natriuretic peptide) was origin

A 74273, a nonpeptidic and renin inhibitor, may be used to treat cardiovascular diseases due to renin inhibition.

PD 132002 is a renin inhibitor.

Alamandine can be formed from angiotensin A by action of ACE-2 or directly from angiotensin-(1-7) by decarboxylation of its aspartate residue. The angiotensin A analog produces effects resembling those of Ang II (1-7). However, it acts independently of the two known vasodilators receptors of the RAS (Mas and angiotensin II type 2). To produce its effects, alamandine binds to the Mas-related receptor, MrgD. A novel orally active formulation of alamandine produced a long-term antihypertensive effect in spontaneously hypertensive rats and cardioprotective effects. These novel findings will be helpful for developing a new understanding of the RAS, a key regulator of blood pressure and fluid balance. The heptapeptide could serve as a model peptide, e.g. in the development and evaluation of analytical methods.

SQ 31844 is a representative of the imidazole alcohols-a novel class of renin inhibitors.

GA 0113 作为一种高效的血管紧张素 II (Ang II) AT1 受体拮抗剂，展现出口服活性。该化合物能够抑制由 Ang II 引起的升压反应，其 ID50 为 0.032 mg/kg，且可剂量依赖性地提升血浆肾素活性，作用持续时间达 48 小时。

Angiotensin II is a potent direct vasoconstrictor, causing arteries and veins to constrict, so leading to an increase in blood pressure. Angiotensin also potentiates the release of norepinephrine by a direct action on postganglionic sympathetic fibers.

Renin inhibitorpeptide,rat 是一种特定的大鼠肾素抑制剂，具有生物活性的肽。

Angiotensin II human acetate 是肾素-血管紧张素系统中的主要血管收缩肽，通过与AT1R和AT2R受体结合调节血压，刺激交感神经，促进醛固酮合成和肾脏功能，诱导血管平滑肌细胞增生和胶原合成，导致血管及心肌增厚和纤维化，同时促进细胞凋亡和内皮毛细血管形成。常用于诱导高血压和心脏肥大模型。

TRV055 acetate 是血管紧张素 II 1 型受体的配体，可刺激细胞 Gq 介导的信号传导。

Temocapril hydrochloride (CS-622 HCl) 是血管紧张素转化酶 (ACE) 抑制剂。Temocapril HCl 能够用于充血性心力衰竭、急性心肌梗死、高血压、胰岛素抵抗和肾脏疾病的研究。

Azilsartan-D5 is the deuterium-labeled Azilsartan (T1057). Azilsartan is a specific antagonist of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor.

Telmisartan-13C-D3是Telmisartan (T1570)的 13C 和氘代化合物。Telmisartan的CAS号为144701-48-4。Telmisartan是一种血管紧张素II 1型受体拮抗剂，能够抑制其活性，IC50值为 9.2 nM。

JHU-083 是一种可口服、可穿过血脑屏障且具有选择性的谷氨酰胺酶 (glutaminase) 拮抗剂，可改善 APOE4 小鼠的认知能力，使异常的海马谷氨酰胺酶活性正常化。

Valsartan-D9 is a deuterium-labeled valsartan. Valsartan (T6716) is an antagonist of the angiotensin II receptor and for the treatment of high blood pressure and heart failure.

Losartan-D3 Carboxylic Acid是Losartan Carboxylic Acid (T3461)的氘代物。Losartan 作为一种血管紧张素 II 受体拮抗剂，通过竞争性结合 AT1 受体发挥作用，其 IC50 为 20 nM。

Azilsartan Medoxomil Potassium (TAK-491 Potassium) 是一种具有口服活性的1型血管紧张素 II 受体拮抗剂(IC50: 0.62 nM)。

Sacubitril/Valsartan (LCZ696)，以1:1摩尔比由Valsartan（一种ARB）和Sacubitril（AHU377）组成，为创新口服血管紧张素受体-脑啡肽酶（ARN）双重抑制剂，旨在治疗高血压与心力衰竭。其作用机制包括抑制炎症、氧化应激及细胞凋亡，有助于改善糖尿病心肌病。

Angiotensin (1-7) (ASP-ARG-VAL-TYR-ILE-HIS-PRO) 是肾素-血管紧张素系统中的内源性七肽。Angiotensin 1-7在心肌细胞中具有抗炎和抗纤维化活性，因此具有心脏保护作用。它能抑制血管紧张素转换酶和释放一氧化氮，是激肽诱导的血管舒张的局部协同调节剂。它阻断 Ang II 诱导的平滑肌细胞增殖和肥大，并显示对内皮的抗血管生成和生长抑制作用。它显示出抗炎活性。

Araloside A (Chikusetsusaponin IV) 是竹节参中的一种成分，对肾素renin 具有低抑制活性(IC50:77.4 μM)。

Tranilast (Standard) 是 Tranilast 的标准品，适用于定量分析、质量控制及生化实验等相关研究。Tranilast (SB 252218) 是一种抗过敏药物，可抑制炎症细胞释放脂质介质和细胞因子，抑制前列腺素 D2 (PGD2)产生，IC50为 0.1 mM。它拮抗血管紧张素 II 并抑制其在血管平滑肌细胞中的生物学作用，具有抗炎和免疫调节作用。

(Sar¹)-Angiotensin II acetate 是血管紧张素 II 的类似物，是血管紧张素 AT1 受体的特异性激动剂。它与富含脑膜的颗粒结合，Kd 为 2.7 nM。它可以刺激胚胎鸡肌细胞中的蛋白质合成和细胞生长。

Valsartan Methyl Ester 是一种强效血管紧张素II 受体拮抗剂，IC50=0.06uM。

KR-31080，一种咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶衍生物，主要作用为抑制血管紧张素 II 受体。在 2 μm 的浓度下，此化合物能够降低 BV-2 细胞中由 LPS 刺激产生的 NO，抑制效果达到 8.3%。

BTB06584 是选择性依赖 IF1 的线粒体F1Fo-ATPase 抑制剂，可延迟缺血性细胞死亡。

Azilsartan (TAK-536) 是一种高活性的血管紧张素Ⅱ1型受体特异性拮抗剂(IC50:2.6 nM)。

Captopril (SA333) 是一种含巯基的，具有口服活性的血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)抑制剂 ，IC50=0.025 μM，广泛应用于高血压和充血性心力衰竭的研究。Captopril 也是NDM-1抑制剂，IC50=7.9 μM。

L162389 是一种具有口服活性和高效性的血管紧张素 II 受体拮抗剂，对 AT1 和 AT2 受体亚型具有平衡的亲和力，可刺激磷脂酰肌醇的转换。

Diisononyl phthalate (DINP)是一种邻苯二甲酸酯，常用作增塑剂，能够激活ACE/AT1R轴和抑制NO的产生，诱导小鼠血压升高。

Valsartan Ethyl Ester is an impurity of Valsartan, an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used for the treatment of high blood pressure and heart failure.

Ramiprilat 是 Ramipril 的活性代谢物，是一种口服有活力的血管紧张素转换酶 (ACE) 抑制剂，其 Ki=7 pM。它可用于研究心力衰竭以及高血压。